Pediatric Urology: When to Refer — Practical Red Flags for Pediatricians
In this episode Dr. Gino Vricella, MD (board‑certified pediatric urologist; Associate Professor of Surgery, University of Missouri–Kansas City School of Medicine) walks pediatricians through a concise clinical heuristic for distinguishing benign findings from those that require specialist referral. Learn clear red flags—pain, asymmetry, recurrent UTIs, gross hematuria, progressive hydronephrosis, and signs of testicular torsion—and how to act quickly to protect renal function and future fertility. Keywords: pediatric urology, referral criteria, testicular torsion, UTI in children, undescended testicle, hydrocele.
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